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All images © by Roberto Piperno, owner of the domain. Write to romapip@quipo.it. Text edited by Rosamie Moore.
Page revised in May 2010.

To the Italian visitors of my web site

Chiesa dei SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti (Book 7) (Map A3)  (Day 2) (View B8) (Rione Monti)

In this page:
The plate by Giuseppe Vasi
Today's view
SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti

The Plate (No. 124 - ii)

Chiesa di SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti

The earliest churches of Rome were either new constructions built on the sites where martyrs had been buried or the result of changes made to halls in private houses where the first Christians used to meet for prayer. Because the new faith spread rapidly among the ordinary people who lived on the Esquiline hill, this neighbourhood retains many very old churches which in origin were private houses.
Giuseppe Vasi underlined the long history of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti by showing its medieval apse rather than its XVIIth century façade.
The view is taken from the green dot in the small 1748 map here below which shows: 1) SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti and some of the other early churches in the area: 2) S. Maria Maggiore; 3) S. Prassede; 4) S. Pudenziana; 5) S. Pietro in Vincoli and 6) S. Lucia in Selci.

Small View

Today

The view today
(left) The view in June 2009; (right) stones taken from the Servian walls and used to level the ground where the church was built

The level of the ground in front and at the side of the apse was lowered in the late XIXth century, thus uncovering some older parts of the building; some more steps were added to the staircase leading to the rear entrance to the church.

SS. Silvestro e Martino

Façade
(left) Façade by Filippo Gagliardi; (right) detail portraying St. Sylvester

According to tradition a domus ecclesiae, a hall where the Christians met, was established in the house of a relative of St. Sylvester, the pope mainly known for the (forged) medieval document by which Emperor Constantine donated to the Roman Church the City of Rome and the entire Western Roman Empire.
Historians believe that a nearby separate church was dedicated to St. Martin; it is uncertain to which church the oldest parts of the current building belong.
In the IXth century a new church dedicated to both saints was built above the ancient structures; the apse belongs to this period.
In 1299 SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti was assigned to the Carmelites; in the XVIIth century the church was largely renovated by Filippo Gagliardi, whose background was mainly that of a painter; this explains the rather traditional design of the façade (you may wish to see the façade as it appeared in a 1588 Guide to Rome).

Interior
Interior

During the renovation of the interior the Carmelites and Gagliardi decided to lower the floor of the church in order to increase the visibility of the crypt which housed some relics; this explains why the ancient columns are placed above a high base; the basilica shape of the medieval building was retained, although the interior was entirely redecorated.

The ceiling
Ceiling; (left) coat of arms of Pope Pius IV; (right) coat of arms of the Carmelites

Also the ceiling was renovated in the XVIIth century, but the main elements of an existing wooden ceiling were included in a new frame; the motto "humilitas" which can be seen in the image used as background for this page belongs to St. Charles Borromeo who promoted the construction of the first ceiling in 1560.

Frescoes
Frescoes by Gaspard Dughet portraying episodes in the life of Prophet Elias

Because Prophet Elias had defeated the priests of Baal on Mount Carmel, the Carmelites commissioned Gaspard Dughet a series of frescoes showing episodes of the prophet's life. Dughet, a French painter who spent most of his life in Rome and a pupil of Nicholas Poussin, specialized in painting landscapes of the Roman countryside and in his frescoes at SS. Silvestro e Martino he gave more relevance to mountains, woods and rivers than to the prophet's achievements.

Excerpts from Giuseppe Vasi 1761 Itinerary related to this page:


Chiesa di S. Martino ai Monti
Uscendo dalla porta maggiore della riferita chiesa, e camminando a destra, si ritrova a sinistra un gran cancello di ferro, che corrisponde alla tribuna di questa antichissima chiesa. Da Costantino Magno si crede comunemente essere stata eretta nelle terme di Trajano ad istanza di s. Silvestro Papa, il quale vi celebrò un Concilio di 286. Vescovi, e si vede ancora nel sotterraneo l'antica sedia Pontificale fatta di marmo, e un'immagine della santissima Vergine fatta di mosaico in quei rozzi tempi; e per le muraglie, e volte si ravvisano, ancorchè mal ridotte, le immagini sagre colla Croce. Dopo varj ristauramenti fu conceduta ai frati Carmelitani, e nel tempo, che ne fu Titolare s. Carlo Borromeo, vi fece il soffitto dorato; dipoi il Card. Gabbriello Paleotti il coro, Paolo Santacroce l'altre maggiore, e finalmente il P. Filippone Generale di quell'Ordine ripulì le colonne della nave, e fecevi delli stucchi, e pitture. Tutte le statue sulla cornice sono di Paolo Naldino, fuorchè il s. Antonio, ed il s. Gio: Batista, che sono di un Fiammingo; il quadro di s. Stefano contiguo alla porticella, per cui siamo entrati, è di Giovanni Agostino Canini; il s. Martino è di Fabbrizio Chiari; quello di s. Teresia, del Greppi, e la s. Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi, di Bartolommeo Palombo. Il quadro del Battesimo di Gesù Cristo è del suddetto Chiari; il battesimo di s. Cirillo è di Gio: Miele Fiammingo; il s. Angelo Carmelitano, di Pietro Testa, ed il s. Alberto del Muziano. Passata la porta della sagrestia, il quadro nell'altare maggiore, con s. Bartolommeo è del Canini, ed il quadro nell'ultima cappella è di Girolamo Maffei. Il s. Silvestro, e s. Martino vescovo posti ai lati dell'altare maggiore sono del Baglioni; la tribuna, come anco il concilio dipinto presso la sagrestia sono del Galeazzo, e li paesi sono di Gaspero Pussino celebre pittore Francese, fuorchè li due grandi, che sono a lato dell'altare di s. Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi, perchè fatti da Gio: Francesco Bolognese.
Scendendo poi per la nobile scalinata di sotto l'altare maggiore, si vede altro altare sotterraneo, in cui sono racchiusi i corpi de' santi Silvestro, e Martino Papi, e si osserva la magnifica architettura di questo, ornato di spesse colonne, e belli spartimenti: onde si riconosce il vasto talento di Pietro da Cortona, il quale in poco sito fece vedere la magnificenza del pensare, a far maestoso anco l'ingresso del suddetto sotterraneo.

Next plate in Book 7: Chiesa di S. Gregorio e Monastero dei Monaci Camaldolesi
Next step in Day 2 itinerary: Chiesa e Monastero di S. Lucia in Selci
Next step in your tour of Rione Monti: Chiesa e Monastero di S. Lucia in Selci