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Days of Peace (how to spend a peaceful day in Rome) Visiting Ancient Rome became a cosmopolitan city when Augustus consolidated the empire and granted it a long period of peace. A visit to Ancient Ostia shows how many different communities lived side by side until the end of the Vth century. Claudius Rutilius Namatianus, a poet who came to Rome from southern France at the beginning of that century chanted the unifying role of the city with these verses: Fecisti patriam diversis gentibus unam: For nations far apart thou hast made a single fatherland; profuit iniustis te dominante capi. under thy dominion captivity hath meant profit even for those who knew not justice dumque offers victis proprii consortia iuris, and by offering to the vanquished a share in thine own justice urbem fecisti quod prius orbis erat. thou hast made a city of what was erstwhile a world. A Voyage Home - Book I - 63-66 English translation by J. Wight Duff and Arnold M. Duff. Rome returned to be a cosmopolitan city towards the end of the XVth century; the number of churches belonging to a "nation" is an indication of how many foreigners were attracted to Rome. Piazza Vittorio Emanuele (in the background S. Maria Maggiore; the sculpture in the foreground was initially placed at the centre of Fontana delle Najadi) Today (2009) the number of foreigners living in Rome is in the region of 10% of the total population; this number has more than doubled in the last ten years; foreigners live in all the districts into which Rome is divided, but the area around Piazza Vittorio Emanuele has become a meeting point for them. This neighbourhood was developed after 1870 when Rome became the capital of Italy; its buildings were designed according to patterns which are typical of Turin, from which the king and many high level politicians came. It was meant to be a medium class district, but eventually it lost appeal; until the 1970s there were many shops and in general they sold their goods at rather low prices; this however was not enough to keep them in business. Rents went down and the same occurred in the large apartment blocks which surround the square. This situation attracted many foreign workers, especially from China and India/Pakistan/Bangladesh. Romanian (left) and Muslim (right) butcheries The gardens of Piazza Vittorio (the Romans tend to omit Emanuele) were surrounded by a very busy market, which was recently relocated inside two former barracks. Here, side by side, one can see butchers selling pork sausages and others who strictly follow the Muslim rules for slaughtering. An international grocery store and tropical vegetables Many market stalls cater for an international clientele, not just for the community to which the owner belongs; in the image on the left a Bangladesh shopkeeper has in store bottles of Inka Cola, which is a soft drink with a flavour similar to bubblegum, or a banana cream soda, that is made in Peru. Tropical vegetables are sold together with those which are typical of Roman cooking. Celebrations for the 2009 Chinese New Year (1) The various communities tend to live in peace; the hardship of life in a foreign country, the sharing of the same difficulties, the quest for being granted appropriate rights leads to friendships which do not follow historical traditions; celebrations typical of a specific community see the participation of members of other communities; so a Bangladesh citizen can be the animator of a Chinese lion. Celebrations for the 2009 Chinese New Year (2): a procession is opened by an Italian master of kung fu The emblem of this neighbourhood is L'Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio (external link), an orchestra with musicians from eight different countries. The number of foreign women is higher than that of men, this because many middle-aged ladies came from Ukraine, Russia, Sri Lanka and South America to give assistance to old Italians. Celebrations for the 2009 Chinese New Year (3) The management of the primary school near Piazza Vittorio has adjusted its calendar to its multi-ethnic pupils. The Chinese New Year is not a public holiday in Italy, so children have to go to school, but their teachers accompany them to see the celebrations. This is a minor thing, but enough to make them happy. Italian is the "lingua franca", the common language which allows the members of the various communities to communicate with each other. The second generation speaks a very fluent Italian; even Chinese pupils seem not to have difficulties with the strong "r" which characterizes the inflection used by Romans. (left) A mixed apartment block; (right) Syrian restaurant Usually the many ethnic restaurants near Piazza Vittorio have names which recall their country of origin such as "the Pyramids", "Ali Baba's Cave", "At the Red Lantern". The Syrian owner of a restaurant has chosen a more elaborate name which shows the desire to lay a bridge between his native country and that where he lives now. Zenobia is the name of the Queen of Palmyra (in today's Syria) who in 269 AD challenged the power of Rome in the Near Est. She was defeated by Emperor Aurelian who brought her to Rome; she followed (tied with golden chains) the chariot of the winner. According to the traditional account she was subsequently freed and granted a pension and a villa near Tivoli, where she lived happily for the rest of her life. Multi-ethnic posters Until the 1960s the balance of payments of Italy relied strongly on the remittances sent home by nationals who worked abroad; today a steady flow of euro reaches the four corners of the globe from Italy; several companies advertise their services for handling remittances abroad; other posters announce shows and matches which depart from the Italian tradition; migrants from the Indian subcontinent are fond of cricket, a sport almost unknown to Italians, and are now trying to set up tournaments. Supremacist posters inspired after works by Ezra Pound and J. R. R. Tolkien The arrival of so many foreigners worries many Italians; some foreign communities are seen as more inclined to crime than the locals; when a foreigner is involved in a rape, in an accident caused by a drunken driver or in a robbery this stirs a lot of fear and anger. These feelings are exploited for political purposes. Hate based on race, religion, sexual orientation is a monster with a thousand heads; in the posters shown above hate is thinly veiled by references to poems and novels. Other Days of Peace pages: At the Flea Market At the Beach A Sunny Day in Villa Borghese Voicing Your Views ..... and feeling better La Festa de Noantri A visit to Roseto di Roma Christmas in Rome Finding Solace at the Protestant Cemetery Eating Outdoors Celebrating the Foundation of Rome Watching the Parade Attending 2007 July Events Rome's Sleepless Night Attending Winter Ceremonies Running the Rome Marathon Jogging at Valle delle Camene An October Outing to Marino Attending a Funeral ...and enjoying it! A Special Spring Weekend Sailing on the River to see the Bridges of Roma Embassy-hunting in Parioli Celebrating Eritrean Michaelmas in Rome Visiting Rome at Dawn Visiting Rome in the Moonlight Visiting Rome on a Hop-on-hop-off Bus Baroque Fireworks Playing in the Snow at the Janiculum Watching the Pride Parade Visiting the Movie Sets at Cinecittà Reading Memoirs of Hadrian at Villa Adriana